Perry Work Report: work&labour news&research, June 12, 2015

June 12, 2015

Announcement:

The Bora Laskin Award 2015 Recipient

Allen Ponak has been awarded the Bora Laskin Award for 2015. His contributions to Canadian labour law have been extensive. He has devoted himself to the education of generations of students in law and industrial relations, and to the intellectual advancement of countless professionals in Canadian labour relations and labour law. He has done so as a professor at the Universities of Calgary and Saskatchewan, as author of numerous well-regarded research articles, and as co-author of the leading Canadian text on union-management relations. Allen continues to conduct and publish research and is Chair of the editorial board of Relations industrielles -- Industrial Relations, Canada's leading academic journal of industrial relations. Read more about Allen Ponak and his achievements here.

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Canada's Crimes Against Aboriginal Canadians

“The first thing worth knowing, in understanding the specific nature of the crime Canada stands accused of, is how recent it all really was.”

“Keep in mind that, until 1960, no First Nations were permitted to vote in a Canadian election. In other words, they had a legal status not of citizens but much more like that of wildlife. They could not, for much of the 20th century, leave the confines of a reserve without permission from a government agent. Indigenous Canadians often could not run businesses, borrow money, own property, or, in the case of Inuit from the 1940s to the 1970s, even have a name.”

“And at the centre of all this, the practice of seizing aboriginal children permanently and usually unwillingly from their parents, placing them in state custody, and subjecting them to the forced labour and isolation of residential ‘schools’ -- the subject of this week’s monumental Truth and Reconciliation Commission report -- reached its peak at the very end of the 1950s and continued in significant numbers through the 1970s (the last residential school didn’t close until 1996). Almost a third of aboriginal Canadians -- 150,000 people -- were raised, without access to their families, in these institutions (which were by any normal definition not educational but penal)."

The Globe and Mail, June 5, 2015: “Residential schools, reserves and Canada’s crime against humanity,” by Doug Saunders

The Globe and Mail, June 2, 2015: “Residential schools amounted to ‘cultural genocide,’ report say,” by Gloria Galloway and Bill Curry 

rabble.ca, June 8, 2015: “It’s time to reconcile ourselves to the real history of Canada,” by Gerry Caplan

John Ralston Saul

“The Commission’s report is very clear about how reconciliation works -- respectful relationships, restoring trust, reparations, concrete actions leading to societal change. To put it bluntly, reconciliation without restitution would be meaningless. It is not so difficult to work out what restitution means. Part of it is laid out in this report. Above all, it is not about winners or losers. If indigenous peoples have more and do better, we will all do better."

“And the Canadian people -- you and I -- have not taken the stand we need to take. We have not given that fundamental instruction -- the instruction of the ethical, purposeful voting citizen. Justice Sinclair and his colleagues have shown us what to do. We are the only barrier to action being taken.”

The Globe and Mail, June 5, 2015: “Truth and Reconciliation is Canada’s last chance to get it right,” by John Ralston Saul

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada [website]

CBC Music, June 2, 2015: “Tanya Taqaq calls for an end to abuse, racism as Truth and Reconciliation report released,” by Jennifer Van Evra

CBC News, June 2, 2015: “Legacy of residential schools hits Twitter with #MyReconciliationIncludes on Twitter,” by Kim Wheeler

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Universe Within: Digital Lives in the Global Highrise

“Launching June 2nd, 2015, Universe Within: Digital Lives in the Global Highrise is an interactive documentary that takes us into the apartments, hearts, minds and computers of vertical citizens around the world to reveal the digital human condition in the 21st century. Trapped in our highrise units, can we find love, hate, peace, god, community -- or a better world -- online?”

National Film Board Blog, June 5, 2015: “3 Films on Urban Living: Are We Thriving or Just Surviving?,” by Alexandra Yanofsky

National Film Board, June 3, 2015, Interactive: “Universe Within: Digital Lives in the Global Highrise”

“In it, online stories take viewers into the hearts, minds and computers of apartment dwellers in 18 cities including Guangzhou, China; the suburbs of Mumbai; New York’s public housing projects and Toronto’s low-income Rexdale community.”

U of T News, June 2015: “How U of T researchers helped shape HIGHRISE, the NFB’s interactive documentary,” by Noreen Ahmed-Ullah 

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Canada's 50 Best Corporate Citizens

“Tim Hortons has again proven the old adage that the race goes not to the swiftest, but to the most sure-footed. The coffee chain tops Corporate Knights’ 2015 ranking of Canada’s 50 Best Corporate Citizens. It owes its No. 1 spot less to a stand-out performance in any of the 12 categories used to compile the overall ranking, than to solid marks virtually across the board, from waste recycling to use of water and energy.”

Corporate Knights has released its 14th annual report on the Best 50 Corporate Citizens in Canada.
In this report:

Corporate Knights, June 3, 2015: “Top company profile: Tim Hortons,” by Bernard Simon

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CEO Pay in Canada

The results are in. Find out who the top earning CEOs in Canada were in 2014.

The Globe and Mail, June 5, 2015: “The 10 highest-paid CEOs in Canada in 2014”

The Globe and Mail, June 4, 2015: “Breaking down how Canada’s top CEOs get paid“ [video, 2:45 min.]

The Globe and Mail, June 1 2015: “How does Canadian CEO pay compare to their performance?”

And if you’re not feeling inadequate enough already, click here to find out how long it would take Canada’s top-earning CEOs to make your entire salary [hint: not very].

Top Five CEOs According to Canadian Employees

“Careers website Glassdoor.com published its annual list of the highest-rated CEOs on Wednesday [June 10, 2015], including a first-ever list for Canada. The lists are based on a year-round survey run by the site, which asks employees to voluntarily but anonymously review their employers using a range of metrics -- including answering the question: ‘Do you approve of the way your CEO is leading the company?’“

“Below are the top five CEOs on Glassdoor’s Canadian list, and their approval ratings:”

  1. Laurent Potdevin (Lululemon Athletica Inc.): 93% approval
  2. Bill McDermott (SAP SE): 93% approval
  3. David Ossip (Ceridian HCM Inc.): 93% approval
  4. Donald Guloein (Manulife Financial Corp.): 90% approval
  5. Steve Williams (Suncor Energy Inc.): 88% approval

The Globe and Mail, June 10, 2015: “The top five CEOs according to Canadian employees,” by Seres Lu

Glassdoor.ca -- Highest Rated CEOs - Canada [website]

How Companies Justify Big Pay Raises for CEOs

“When deciding how much to pay their senior executives, the directors at Jarden Corp. ... use what might seem to be an unlikely measuring stick: the top managers at Oracle Corp., the world’s largest data-base maker.”

“Oracle is one of 14 companies Jarden identified in 2011 as a ‘peer’ to help it gauge the going rate for executive pay -- a common practice among boards when setting compensation for top managers. The idea is to survey businesses of similar type and size. In reality, it’s not uncommon for companies to pick peers that are larger than themselves. Big jumps in executive pay sometimes follow.”

Bloomberg Business, June 4, 2014: “How Companies Justify Big Pay Raises for CEOs,” by Anders Melin and Jeremy Scott Diamond

bcg.perspectives, May 15, 2015: “The New CEO’s Guide to Transformation: Turning Ambition into Sustainable Results,” by Hans-Paul Burkner, Lars Faeste, and Jim Hemerling

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Black Teachers Still Face Racism on the Job

“Many black teachers across Ontario still face racism on the job, according to a new study of educators, half of whom said they believe being black has hurt their chance of promotion. Some told of hearing the ‘N’ word used in the staff room and being mistaken for a trespasser.”

“The 63-page report, The Voices of Ontario Black Educators, prepared for the Ontario Alliance of Black School Educators (ONABSE), calls for Ontario to enact tough employment equity legislation, provide training against anti-black bias, set targets for promoting teachers of colour and cluster black teachers in particular in schools where there are high numbers of black students.”

“Of the black teachers, principals and vice-principals surveyed, one-third said they believe they have been passed over for advancement because they are black. Some 27 per cent said racial discrimination by colleagues affects their day-to-day work life and 51 per cent said they believe anti-black bias at their school board affects who gets promoted.”

Equity consultant Tana Turner of Turner Consultants conducted the survey, and said “If the government wants to close the gap in racial diversity between students and those at the front of the classroom ... legislation and other government interventions may be needed.”

The Toronto Star, May 29, 2015: “Black teachers still face racism on the job in Ontario,” by Louise Brown

Ontario Alliance of Black School Educators, May 29, 2015: “Voices of Ontario Black Educators: An Experiential Report” (72 pages, PDF)

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Digital Journalism: How Good Is It?

This is the first article in a series on digital journalism by Michael Massing.

“That digital technology is disrupting the business of journalism is beyond dispute. What’s striking is how little attention has been paid to the impact that technology has had on the actual practice of journalism. The distinctive properties of the Internet -- speed, immediacy, interactivity, boundless capacity, global reach -- provide tremendous new opportunities for the gathering and presentation of news and information. Yet amid all the coverage of start-ups and IPOs, investments and acquisitions, little attempt has been made to evaluate the quality of Web-based journalism, despite its ever-growing influence.”

“To try to fill that gap, I set off on a grand (though necessarily selective) tour of journalistic websites. How creative and innovative has digital journalism been? How much impact has it had?”

The results: “I found most of them stuck in place, unable to advance beyond their initial innovations.” But websites like BuzzFeed are the next generation of digital journalism, and have done a much better job of “harnessing the unique powers of the Internet.”

The New York Review of Books, June 4, 2015: “Digital Journalism: How Good Is It?,” by Michael Massing 

The New York Review of Books, June 25, 2015: “Digital Journalism: The Next Generation,” by Michael Massing [This is the second article in the series; the third will appear later this year.]

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Gender Disparities and Journalism: Research Perspectives

“... [W]omen made up only about one-third of the journalism workforce. Although U.S. newsrooms have seen some progress over the past few decades, there is little doubt that inequities still exist in terms of women achieving equal pay and top positions, as well as longevity in management, suggesting both a glass ceiling and ‘glass cliff’ problem.”

“To put some of this data in context, familiarity with the larger academic literature may be helpful. See further research on the ’glass escalator’ hypothesis and the gender pay gap, as well as issues for women in financial leadership, politics, the sciences, and government.”

The following reports provide substantial data and perspective on the news industry:

Journalists Resource, June 5, 2015: “Gender disparities and journalism: Research perspectives"

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Exploitation of Sex Workers During Grand Prix

“A group of organizations working with sex workers has launched a campaign to denounce sexual exploitation that takes place during the Grand Prix weekend in Montreal. The recruitment of young women and sex workers is subjected to extreme pressures during this period."

“’Many field workers, especially in youth centres, notice that their girls are recruited more,’ said Legault-Roy [spokeswoman for the Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle]. ‘As women, we see the world of prostitution telling them they are going to be asked to work much longer days,’ she added.”

“The organizations were critical of the tolerance that surrounds sexual exploitation.”

“’It’s as if we agreed that it comes with the culture of Formula One. The sex industry is completely trivialized during the weekend of Formula One,’ said Legault-Roy, noting that the trivialization begins with paying pretty girls dressed suggestively to exhibit cars.”

Montreal Gazette, June 3, 2015: “Grand Prix denounced for exploitation of sex workers“

CBC News, June 7, 2015: “Montreal Grand Prix: Police crack down on sex tourism“

The Problem With the ‘Swedish Model’ for Sex Work Laws

“Sweden’s landmark 1999 sex work legislation -- presented as decriminalizing the seller of sex while criminalizing the client -- is aggressively marketed as a 'progressive solution’ to prostitution internationally. Versions of the 'Swedish model’ have been implemented in Norway, Iceland, and Canada, and last week a version was adopted in Northern Ireland. The intention, we’re told, is to reduce demand’ for paid sex: shrinking, then ultimately abolishing, the sex trade.”

“It’s too bad that the reality of the law is not so simple, nor so uncomplicatedly progressive.”

“The mythos of the Swedish model is that it is producing a better, more feminist society. But a better society for whom?”

“For street-based sex workers, a potential client driving past will be nervous and keen to agree to terms speedily if his role is criminalized, and to keep his business the sex worker has far less time to make crucial assessments about whether he seems safe. Research into anti-client laws around Vancouver street-based sex work found that, 'without the opportunity to screen clients or safely negotiate the terms of sexual services ... sex workers face increased risks of violence, abuse, and HIV.’ The Norwegian government writes about its own law: 'Women in the street market report [having] a weaker bargaining position and more safety concerns now than before the law was introduced.’”

"In one sense, those who argue for the criminalization of clients are right: sex work is a product of a deeply unequal society. But as one sex worker organization notes (disclosure -- I am a member of this organization): 'If campaigners are concerned that poverty takes away people’s choices, we suggest that a real solution would be to tackle poverty, not to criminalise what is often the final option that people have for surviving poverty.' We need the New Zealand model, because we need safety now -- and we need real alternatives to sex work."

The New Republic, June 8, 2015: “The Problem With the 'Swedish Model’ for Sex Work Laws,” by Molly Smith

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Men: The Weaker Sex

“At first glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving. Men dominate finance, technology, films, sports, music and even stand-up comedy. In much of the world they still enjoy social and legal privileges simply because they have a Y chromosome.”

However, men “cluster at the bottom as well as the top. They are far more likely than women to be jailed, estranged from their children, or to kill themselves. They earn fewer university degrees than women. Boys in the developed world are 50% more likely to flunk basic maths, reading and science entirely.”

“One group in particular is suffering. Poorly educated men in rich countries have had difficulty coping with the enormous changes in the labour market and the home over the past half-century. As technology and trade have devalued brawn, less-educated men have struggled to find a role in the workplace. Women, on the other hand, are surging into expanding sectors such as health care and education, helped by their superior skills. As education has become more important, boys have also fallen behind girls in school (except at the very top). Men who lose jobs in manufacturing often never work again. And men without work find it hard to attract a permanent mate. The result, for low-skilled men, is a poisonous combination of no job, no family and no prospects.”

Read The Economist’s essay on manhood entitled Men adrift.

The Economist, May 30, 2015: “The weaker sex”

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Are Same-Sex Couples More Work-Life Equitable?

“Women in different-sex couples are less satisfied with how household responsibilities are shared at home than men in same-sex couples; this is despite the fact that women in different-sex couples work fewer hours than men and women in same-sex couples, and men in different-sex couples.”

“This is according to a study by Families and Work Institute released today titled Modern Families: Same- and Different-Sex Couples Negotiating at Home.”

Here’s an overview of the differences and the similarities between same-sex and different-sex couples when it comes to how they share household responsibilities:

  • More same-sex couples discussed their relative contributions to household finances upon moving in together.
  • Men in same-sex couples had a higher level satisfaction with the division of household responsibilities than women in different-sex couples.
  • Division of labor is not unique to different-sex couples though they generally do so in ways that align with traditional gender and power roles.
  • More same-sex couples reported sharing routine child care and sick child care than different sex-couples.
  • Men and women in both types of couples were less satisfied with the division of household responsibilities if they held back on discussing it when they moved in together.
  • Women in different-sex couples who work full time, work fewer hours per week than men in different-sex couples and women in same-sex couples.

Families and Work Institute, June 4, 2015: “Are Same-Sex Couples More Work-Life Equitable?,” by Eve Tahmincioglu 

Families and Work Institute, June 4, 2015: “Modern Families: Same- and Different-Sex Couples Negotiating at Home,” by Kenneth Matos (27 pages, PDF) [you can also see the press release here with key findings from the report]

The New Republic’s Paid Family Leave project [website]

Escalating Demands at Work Hurt Employees and Companies

Regardless of your relationship status, everyone is suffering from ever-increasing demands of work.

“The demands of work for employees, at multiple levels across multiple industries, have become untenable. There is a simple word for this way of working. It’s inhumane.”

“It isn’t realistic to build sustainable high-performing companies by way of unsustainable work practices. Meeting people’s core needs, rather than simply trying to squeeze more out of them, is what makes it possible for them to work more effectively.”

“In short, we perform better when we’re truly rested -- whether that means from a sufficient night’s sleep or by renewing throughout a day. Great athletes consciously manage their work-rest ratios to ensure that they are at their best when they are actually performing. It’s called periodization. We must do the same to perform at our best. The culture of overwork is slowly killing us.”

The New York Times, June 5, 2015: “Escalating Demands at Work Hurt Employees and Companies,” by Tony Schwartz

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The Link Between Police Tactics and Economic Conditions

“A recent study by the American Civil Liberties Union found that blacks and Native Americans in Minneapolis are nine times more likely to be arrested for low-level offenses than whites.” And “young black men are 21 times more likely to be shot by police than young white men in US."

“Harsh police tactics in black communities and a history of high rates of unemployment and poverty go hand in hand.”
“Leaders in Washington and around the country should have responded to the growing crisis in African American neighborhoods by creating jobs, repairing infrastructure, avoiding bad trade deals that offshored good-paying jobs in many urban areas and investing in our kids. Instead Congress and state legislatures built prisons, passed trade agreements that sent jobs overseas, gave police weapons designed for warzones and passed laws that increased de facto segregation. The failed war on drugs tripled the number of people in prison, even as crime rates in the US fell to the lowest levels in a generation. Nearly 1.5m African American men are in prison and missing from society due, in large part, to a criminal justice system that locks them up and limits their options upon release.”

“Creating opportunities in these neighborhoods isn’t rocket science: we need to invest in resources for jobs programs, in creating the environment for job creation in communities of color, in high quality education and in affordable housing. We must raise wages, provide public service jobs and apprenticeship programs. Our nation isn’t broke. We have wealth but, unlike other countries, we provide generous benefits to those who are better off, rather than those who are struggling. In America, we have socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor.”

The Guardian, June 8, 2015: “The link between police tactics and economic conditions,” by Keith Ellison

American Civil Liberties Union, April 2015: “Picking up the Pieces: A Minneapolis Case Study"

American Civil Liberties Union, April 2015: “Picking up the Pieces -- Recommendations”

Inside the Mind of an Angry Cop: A Q&A with a Police Psychologist

“What are the mental health requirements for police work? There really are no universal mental health requirements.”

“Racial bias testing has come up a lot in recent months in response to high-profile incidents of alleged police brutality. How common is bias testing in the psychological screening of police candidates? It’s not common at all. With everything going on in the country, I’ve heard the politicians and others say it’s something we need to assess, but it’s not a common assessment at this point.”

GQ, June 8, 2014: “Inside the Mind of an Angry Cop: A Q&A with a Police Psychologist,” by Donovan X. Ramsey

Slate, June 8, 2015: “Our Segregated Summers,” by Jamelle Bouie

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Halt and Catch Fire Now on Netflix

“This Sunday, [May 2014] AMC is premiering a new original series called 'Halt And Catch Fire.' Set in the early 1980s, it tells the story of a band of cowboy entrepreneurs and engineers who join the PC Wars by cloning an IBM machine and taking on Big Blue for control of the nascent personal computer industry.” (Season 1 'Halt and Catch Fire' is now available on Netflix)

“AMC’s show is fictional, but it turns out, there is a true life story that is similar to this course of events, and it led to the creation of one of the greatest technology companies of all time, Compaq Computers.”

“Rod Canion was one of the co-founders of Compaq back in the early 80s, and he was there for the real world PC wars. He’s written a book about the time period, Open: How Compaq Ended IBM’s PC Domination and Helped Invent Modern Computing. In the interview below, I [Brian McCullough] spoke to Rod about the book, the process of taking on Big Blue and cloning the IBM-PC, and how a series of incredible calculated gambles paid off to eventually build one of history’s most successful technology companies.“

Mashable, May 29, 2014: “Behind ‘Halt and Catch Fire’: Compaq’s Rise to PC Domination,” by Brian McCullough

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Bangladesh Rana Plaza Factory Fund Finally Meets $30 million Target

“The international fund set up to compensate victims of the Rana Plaza factory collapse in Bangladesh, in which 1,137 people died, has finally met its target of $30m after a significant anonymous donation.”

“The breakthrough was hailed by labour unions as a major victory after global consumer participation forced many brands and retailers that sourced clothing from the building in Dhaka to finally pay into the fund, backed by the UN’s International Labour Organisation.”

“The Clean Clothes Campaign has been campaigning since the disaster in April 2013, demanding that brands and retailers provide compensation to those injured and to the families of those who died. Since then more than 1 million consumers from around the world have rallied to publicise the major high street companies whose products were made in one of the five factories housed in the structurally unsafe building.”

The Guardian, June 8, 2015: “Bangladesh Rana Plaza factory fund finally meets target,” by Rebecca Smithers

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Thomas Piketty: A Practical Vision of a More Equal Society

Thomas Piketty reviews Inequality: What Can Be Done? by Anthony B. Atkinson, Harvard University Press, 2015:

“Anthony Atkinson occupies a unique place among economists. During the past half-century, in defiance of prevailing trends, he managed to place the question of inequality at the center of his work while demonstrating that economics is first and foremost a social and moral science. In his new book, Inequality: What Can Be Done? -- more personal than his previous ones and wholly focused on a plan of action -- he provides us with the broad outlines of a new radical reformism."

“At the core of his program is a series of proposals that aim to transform the very operation of the markets for labor and capital, introducing new rights for those who now have the fewest rights. His proposals include guaranteed minimum-wage public jobs for the unemployed, new rights for organized labor, public regulation of technological change, and democratization of access to capital."

“This is only a sampling of the many reforms he recommends. Instead of saying more in detail about these proposals, I’d like to focus particularly on the question of wider access to capital and ownership. Atkinson here makes two especially innovative suggestions.”

“On the one hand, he calls for the establishment of a national savings program allowing each depositor to receive a guaranteed return on her capital (below a certain threshold of individual capital). Given the drastic inequality of access to fair financial returns, particularly as a consequence of the scale of the investment with which one begins (a situation that has in all likelihood been aggravated by the financial deregulation of the last few decades), this proposal strikes me as particularly sound.”

“In Atkinson’s view, it is intimately bound up with the larger issue of a new approach to public property and the possible development of a new form of sovereign wealth fund. The public authority cannot resign itself merely to go on piling up debt and endlessly privatizing everything it possesses.”

The New York Review of Books, June 25, 2015: “A Practical Vision of a More Equal Society,” by Thomas Piketty

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Book of the Week

Inequality: What Can Be Done? by Anthony B. Atkinson. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press, 2015. 384 p. ISBN 9780674504769 (hardcover)

From the publisher: "Inequality is one of our most urgent social problems. Curbed in the decades after World War II, it has recently returned with a vengeance. We all know the scale of the problem -- talk about the 99% and the 1% is entrenched in public debate -- but there has been little discussion of what we can do but despair. According to the distinguished economist Anthony Atkinson, however, we can do much more than skeptics imagine. Atkinson has long been at the forefront of research on inequality, and brings his theoretical and practical experience to bear on its diverse problems. He presents a comprehensive set of policies that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income in developed countries. The problem, Atkinson shows, is not simply that the rich are getting richer. We are also failing to tackle poverty, and the economy is rapidly changing to leave the majority of people behind. To reduce inequality, we have to go beyond placing new taxes on the wealthy to fund existing programs. We need fresh ideas. Atkinson thus recommends ambitious new policies in five areas: technology, employment, social security, the sharing of capital, and taxation. He defends these against the common arguments and excuses for inaction: that intervention will shrink the economy, that globalization makes action impossible, and that new policies cannot be afforded. More than just a program for change, Atkinson's book is a voice of hope and informed optimism about the possibilities for political action."

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