Perry Work Report: work&labour news&research, February 12, 2016

February 12, 2016

The Perry Work Report will return the week of Febrary 22, 2016, after the University of Toronto reading week.

Announcement:

Seminars at the Centre

CIRHR/Labour Relations Seminar
Wednesday, March 2nd, 2016
Speaker: Lorenzo Frangi, Assistant Professor of Employment Relations,
Department of Organization and Human Resources, Universite du Quebec a Montreal's Ecole des Sciences de la Gestion (ESG- UQAM; University of Quebec in Montreal School of Management)
Title: Explaining the Propensity to strike Across 13 OECD Countries: A Tale of Two Theories
Time: 12 Noon -- 1:00 p.m. -- Abstract
Location: Centre for Industrial Relations and Human Resources,
121 St. George Street, Seminar Room (Room 205)
 
CIRHR/Director's Debate Series
Thursday, March 10th, 2016
Speaker: Angela Hildyard, Vice-President, Human Resources & Equity
Title: Hard Bargains and Labour Relations on Campus: The Life of a University Negotiator
Time: 12 Noon -- 1:00 p.m.
Location: Waters Lounge, Woodsworth Residence -- Main Floor
321 Bloor Street West (corner of St. George and Bloor St. West)

Follow us on the CIRHR Library Tumblr and on the CIRHR Library Twitter.

The Conservative Government's Labour Legacy

“The Conservative government may be gone, but Canadian unions still fear the zombie legislation that lives on after their decade in power.”

“And they want more than ‘piecemeal’ reforms to Tory labour legislation.”

“The new Liberal government has acted quickly on three union concerns. In January, they pledged to repeal bills C-377 and C-525, which forced unions to reveal their finances and made it harder to organize workplaces. Last week, Treasury Board president Scott Brison tabled legislation to reverse Conservative cuts to sick leave benefits for federal employees.”

“But ensuring the right to a safe and secure workplace will take more than 'piecemeal' reversals of Conservative legislation.”

“The real test will be the government’s approach to bargaining with its own employees this year, he said. 'There’s no indication yet that we’ll see a change of approach to collective bargaining,' [David Camfield, co-ordinator of the University of Manitoba’s Labour Studies program] said.”

The Tyee, February 9, 2016: “Tory Era Anti-Union Laws Still Walking Un-Dead, Say Observers,” by David P. Ball

“The advocacy group representing Canadian students and interns has withdrawn from the federal government’s consultations on how to improve protections for young workers because the proposals will allow unpaid internships, the Star has learned.”

“If implemented, the changes to the Canada Labour Code would permit unpaid internships of up to four months in federally regulated sectors like banking and telecommunications -- so long as the position is ‘primarily for the benefit of the intern’ and does not replace a paid position.”

“But advocates say the proposed guidelines are a recipe for exploitation.”

“Andrew Langille, general counsel for the Canadian Intern Association said: ‘Essentially what the federal government is going to be allowing here is for four-months unpaid probationary periods for all new hires.’”

“On Monday, the organization wrote to newly appointed Employment Minister MaryAnn Mihychuk to express ‘grave concern’ over the proposals, which were initiated under Conservative prime minister Stephen Harper.”

The Toronto Star, February 9, 2016: “Federal proposals on unpaid internships ‘galling,’ advocates say,” by Sara Mojtehedzadeh

Canadian Intern Association, February 8, 2016: “Re: Canada Labour Program Unpaid Interns Consultations” (2 pages, PDF)

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Trudeau Needs Unions to Achieve His Climate Agenda

“Prime Minister Trudeau has invited Canada’s unions to bring their expertise to one of his new government’s top priorities: climate change. His request has a lot of people talking. He made the appeal at an historic meeting of last fall, the first time in more than 50 years that a sitting Prime Minister has attended the Canadian Labour Congress’ gathering of union leaders. ‘Labour is not a problem, but a solution,’ Trudeau said, signaling a clear departure from the previous Conservative government’s contemptuous attitude toward organized labour.”

“Climate bargaining is growing rapidly. York University’s project on Adapting Canadian Work and Workplace to Respond to Climate Change has built a database of environmental clauses negotiated into union con-tracts. It’s the first of its kind, and contains over 100 ‘green clauses found in collective agreements across the country. The database is queried frequently by climate negotiators looking for ways help improve their workplace through collective bargaining.”

“Can Canada’s unions help to build a green economy? The answer is yes, they can. But it will require policy-makers to work closely with workers’ organizations like the Canadian Labour Congress and its broad array of member unions such as CUPE, Unifor, the Postalworkers, United Steelworkers, Public Service Alliance of Canada, United Food and Commercial Workers, and others, to ensure that the false ‘jobs vs. environment’ argument does not derail efforts to reduce Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions.”

The Hill Times, No. 1319, February 1, 2016: “Trudeau needs unions to achieve his ambitious climate agenda”, by Carla Lipsig-Mumme

W3 -- Work in a Warming World @ York University website

Work and Climate Change Report: Monthly updates on research and new developments in green transition for the economy, the workplace and public policy (you can subscribe here)

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Contract Professors -- Who Cares?

“Ontario voters are not willing to consider paying higher taxes to support postsecondary education and don’t believe the issue of professors increasingly teaching on contract is a high priority, a new poll has found.”

“The poll of 1,000 respondents was commissioned by the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations (OCUFA) and shows the public is not engaged in a topic that has led to heated debates within academia.”

“There are no current national statistics on contract teachers, but numbers collected by The Globe and Mail last year revealed that the number of temporary faculty at different schools ranges between 15 and 50 per cent of university instructors.”

“But only 15 per cent of respondents to the poll -- which will be released Thursday [February 11, 2016] -- agreed that academics face precarious employment.”

The Globe and Mail, February 11, 2016: “Ontario voters not concerned about increase in contract professors: poll,” by Simona Chiose

OCUFA, February 11, 2016: “OCUFA releases first-ever public opinion poll on precarious academic work” 

OCUFA, February 11, 2016:  “2016 OCUFA Study: Public Perceptions of Precarious Academic Work” (20 pages, PDF)

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Algonquin College's Men-Only Campus

“Algonquin’s trade college in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, follows the Middle Eastern country’s practice of sex-segregated education, which extends to professors as well as students.”

“Algonquin would never condone discrimination in hiring at home, and the college should not tolerate it at a foreign campus either, he said. ‘I don’t think it’s appropriate under any circumstances.’ If Algonquin restricted hiring by race, there would be an uproar, he said. ‘So I’m troubled by the fact that we wouldn’t discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity, so why, when it comes to gender, are we prepared to make that distinction?’”

“While Algonquin says it’s committed to the principles of the Ontario Human Rights Code, whether that law would apply to its campus in Saudi Arabia is a question that Human Rights Commission staff can’t answer.”

“‘Does the (Ontario) Human Rights Code apply? We just don’t know,’ said spokesperson Jeff Poirier, who said Commission staff could find no policy or ruling that would shed light on the matter. ‘It’s kind of novel for us. We aren’t aware of any cases where the tribunal has addressed this kind of situation.’”

The Ottawa Citizen, January 25, 2016: “Men-only college in Saudi Arabia appears to violate Algonquin’s hiring policies,” by Jacquie Miller

The Ottawa Citizen, January 26, 2016: “Algonquin’s male-only college conforms with Saudi custom, college says,” by Jacquie Miller

“In 2012, Algonquin College applied to open both a men’s and women’s campus in Saudi Arabia, but the government body that oversees international technical and vocational colleges in the country only approved the bid for the men’s campus, [Doug Wotherspoon, Algonquin College’s vice-president of international and strategic priorities] said.”

“Wotherspoon said a second unsuccessful application was made to open a women’s campus in 2014. He said Algonquin College plans to make a third application when the tender process begins, and that it is preparing for that with a feasibility study”

CBC News, February 8, 2016: “Algonquin College considers women-only Saudi Arabia campus”

“... Jack Wilson, Vice-President of OPSEU Local 415 and a professor at Algonquin College, laid the blame for the Ontario colleges’ latest controversial ventures squarely at the feet of the Wynne government. ‘The government's share of college funding has gone down from 75 per cent to 49 per cent over the years, even as the community college system has grown by leaps and bounds,’ explained Wilson. ‘Increasing sky-high tuition even more would lock out families of modest means. So every year, we're forced to find more and more revenue through other means, just to keep our doors open. When your back's against the wall, options are considered that would have been unthinkable before.'"

CNW, February 1, 2016: “Saudi Arabian college fiasco tied to underfunding here: Algonquin prof”

Downsizing at Nipissing University?

“Most of the province’s grants to universities are based on enrolment and have grown as school participation has gone up over the past decade and a half. Now, as the university-aged population declines, the province is discussing changing its funding formula partly to ensure institutions are sustainable.”

“For smaller communities outside the GTA, where postsecondary institutions are key employers, the loss of middle-class jobs hits particularly hard, Dr. DeGagne said. ‘For a large university in a more dense area, the university has great importance. But it may not have the same importance the university has to North Bay -- depending on how you count, we would be in the top three employers here,’ he said.”

The Globe and Mail, February 8, 2016: “Nipissing University must consider significant downsizing: audit,” by Simona Chiose

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THE University Workplace Survey 2016

“UK academics and professional and support staff inhabit ‘two parallel universes that have little point of contact.’”

“That is one of the major conclusions to be drawn from the third annual Times Higher Education University Workplace Survey, according to Yiannis Gabriel, chair in organisation studies at the University of Bath and one of the designers of our inaugural survey in 2014.”

“All survey participants were verified as working in UK higher education institutions, with 49 per cent identifying themselves as academics and 51 per cent stating that they held professional or support roles. As well as the deep gulf between the two categories of staff in many areas of working life, the survey also highlights that:”

  • Most university staff find their jobs rewarding, but most academics feel overworked, exploited and ignored by management
  • A majority of staff feel satisfied with pay, conditions and professional development opportunities
  • Half of academics are worried about redundancies related to metrics-based performance measures
  • Half of academics think that their institutions have compromised undergraduate entry standards as competition for students has increased, and half feel under pressure to award higher marks.”

Times Higher Education, February 4, 2016: “THE University Workplace Survey 2016: results and analysis,” by Jack Grove

Times Higher Education, February 4, 2016: “Full results of the University Workplace Survey 2016″ (1 page, PDF)

North American Staff and Faculty Surveys:

McGill

“My Workplace is a series of initiatives aimed at making McGill work better. The goal is to get employees at all levels thinking about ways they can learn, improve processes and work better together, and to connect staff with the tools and expertise they need to make their great ideas a reality.”

“[In 2015], My Workplace surveyed McGill’s administrative and support staff to gauge what it’s like to work at McGill. The idea was to take the pulse of McGill’s workforce and generate ideas and initiatives like those listed above, aimed at making McGill better.”

McGill Reporter, November 19, 2015: “My Workplace: Survey results and 10 new projects”

McGill University, October 2015: “2015 Learning Organization Survey: Results and Analysis“ (18 pages, PDF)

U of T

“A joint initiative of the Offices of the Vice-President & Provost and the Vice-President, Human Resources & Equity, the ‘Speaking Up’ Faculty & Staff Experience Survey includes a number of questions that are designed to give a ‘big picture’ view of the staff and faculty work experience at U of T.”

“Questions cover a range of topics including, but not limited to, leadership and management, work design, performance and recognition, safety, tools and resources, communications, diversity and equity, growth and development, cooperation and collegiality, and workload and balance.”

University of Toronto Human Resources and Equity: “’Speaking Up’ Employee Survey”

University of Toronto Human Resources and Equity: “’Speaking Up’ Past Results”

Harvard

“The survey gathers data along these themes to help participating chief academic officers answer three sets of questions:”

  • “How do faculty of different career stages experience academic work life at my institution? How do their experiences compare to those of faculty at peer institutions?”
  • “Do their experiences differ by rank, gender, or race/ethnicity?”
  • “What policies or practices are associated with high levels of faculty satisfaction and vitality?”

Harvard University Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education: “Survey”

Harvard University Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education: “Results: COACHE @ 10 Years”

“70% of employees completed the 2015 Harvard University Employee Engagement Survey which is now officially closed.  [The] ultimate goal in measuring engagement is to find ways to increase our collective satisfaction and contribution to the organization.  As the engagement model from our survey vendor BlessingWhite illustrates, employees, managers, and senior leaders each have a role in fostering engagement.”

HARVie: “Engagement @ Harvard”

Engagement @ Harvard: “Engagement Toolkit for Managers and Leaders” (4 pages, PDF)

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Employers: Keep Your Hands Off the Tips

“The Ontario Legislature recently passed the Protecting Employees’ Tips Act, 2015 ('Bill 12') and it received Royal Assent on December 10, 2015. Bill 12 will amend the Employment Standards Act, 2000 ('ESA'), with its primary effect being to prohibit employers from withholding, making deductions from, or collecting tips or other gratuities from employees unless otherwise authorized to do so.”

“The bill passed unanimously in its third reading, and its language and effect appear to be very similar to legislation already in place in Quebec, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island. The bill emerged from a perception amongst some in the food and drink service industry (rightly or wrongly) that ‘tip theft’ by employers is a significant and growing concern.”

“The actual future impact of Bill 12 will likely remain largely unknown until there is clarity on the accompanying regulatory framework. Employers can hope that these regulations will specifically exempt not only credit card fees but also miscellaneous charges applied in many locations such as for banquet services. Given the often narrow profit margins that are the reality for many service industry employers, developments with this legislation should be closely monitored, and in the interim, employers should review their current policies and procedures, and plan for all contingencies.”

Lexology, January 28, 2016: “Bill 12: Ontario Passes New Legislation Protecting Employees’ Tips and Gratuities”

Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 2015: “Bill 12, Protecting Employees’ Tips Act, 2015″

The Toronto Star, December 7, 2015: “Tips are for staff not employers, approved bill says,” by Rob Ferguson

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Job-sharing While Transitioning to Retirement

“With scores of highly trained surgeons and other physicians struggling to get full-time work, the system is looking at dividing sought-after practices, particularly by gradually replacing older doctors with younger ones. ‘This is me on my way out, and he on his way in, able to bill for that transition year,’ said Cameron. ‘It’s good for me, it’s good for him, it’s good for patients.’ Last year, the University of Toronto surgery department launched a ‘late-career transition’ program promoting such sharing. The concept has been officially adopted by the Canadian Orthopedic Association (COA), too.”

National Post, February 9, 2016: “Operation job share: Surgeons split work to tackle ‘unrelenting’ problem of unemployment,” by Tom Blackwell

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Refugees and the Workforce

“Albertans are opening their arms to incoming Syrian refugees looking for housing, social support and work, even as the province’s economy suffers from a slump in oil prices.”

“After Syrian refugees settle into the community, they set out to find work, an effort that may appear to be challenging in the face of Alberta’s soaring unemployment rate. The province’s unemployment rate reached 7.4 per cent in January, up from 7 per cent in December, according to Statistics Canada data released Friday [February 5, 2016]. Alberta’s energy-driven economy has been hit hard by a severe drop in oil prices.”

“However, the outlook isn’t so grim for Syrian refugees, according to experts. University of Alberta associate political science professor Reza Hasmath said most refugees won’t be taking jobs from unemployed Albertans. 'They’re competing for the jobs that previous migrants are competing for, and they’re competing for jobs that most Canadians no longer want to do. So, irrespective of whether the economy is doing well or not, they’re not really competing with the general labour market.'"

The Globe and Mail, February 7, 2016: “Despite economic troubles, Alberta welcomes Syrian refugees,” by Michelle Zilio

Germany’s Biggest Trade Union Has an Idea to Integrate Refugees in the Workforce 

“The German Industrial Union of Metalworkers, or IG Metall, wants to introduce an ‘integration year’ for refugees, to prepare them for the German labor market while filling the country’s labor gap.”

“During the proposed integration year, refugees would work four days a week and attend language classes on the fifth day. The Federal Employment Agency would need to make sure that refugees are paid during the duration of the year, the IG Metall press release said.”

“The professional integration scheme centers on getting asylum-seekers into the labor market as soon as possible. Having a year on the job as this program would facilitate could open up promising job prospects for refugees, IG Metall believes.”

“But IG Metall is aware that not all refugees have the necessary skills, and many still don’t speak German after their asylum status has been confirmed. That’s why the project should also offer language programs and "workplace related” skills training simultaneously.”

The Huffington Post, February 8, 2016: “Germany’s Biggest Trade Union Has An Idea To Integrate Refugees In The Workforce,” by Elisabeth Kagermeier

Immigration Works when Immigrants Work

“Anti-immigration sentiment is partly founded, particularly in Eastern Europe, on xenophobia and anti-Islamic sentiment, but opponents of immigration raise two concerns that cannot be dismissed. First, they argue that immigration disproportionately penalises the poorest members of society, as unskilled migration forced workers’ wages down. Second, it is said that when migration originates in Middle Eastern and North African countries, it brings to Europe individuals at odds with mainstream values on women, sexual minorities, and free speech.”

“So where does this leave Britain and Europe? Coming back to the economics, the case in favour of skilled immigration is clear, and no one can rationally dispute it. Unskilled immigration is more complicated, as it can impose a fiscal cost on society, but still produces economic benefits.”

“[As] migration can oscillate easily between a (low) net benefit to a (low) net cost, it is essential to bring and to keep immigrants in work. Training and education are of course essential, but welfare policy also plays a role: income assistance for the unemployed cannot be set above the market wage. Doing so can only encourage unemployment, as William Beveridge, who can hardly be qualified as a reactionary, recognised.”

Randall Hansen is Director of the Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, Munk School of Global Affairs and Full Professor and Canada Research Chair in Immigration & Governance in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto.

British Politics and Policy at LSE, February 5, 2016: “A two-way street: how to make immigration work,” by Randall Hansen

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The Death-Trap Working Conditions of Farm Animals

“The mass conflagration of farm animals in a recent series of Canadian barn fires should be a cause for alarm -- and prompt deep self-examination by those who have a duty to protect and advocate for these captive beings.”

“In the first month of 2016, some 53,000 ducks, pigs, goats, cows and horses suffered a terrifying and excruciating death by fire across the country. Sadly, such tragedies are neither unexpected nor sufficiently shocking to alter the low standards of care permitted for the sentient, intelligent creatures who serve human needs and desires.”

“The inadequate housing of farm animals -- or the workplace conditions, if you prefer -- is an issue that’s easy to overlook because of the isolation of so many farm operations, and worrying to confront simply because of the discrepancy between our fine ideals and their harsher reality.”

“Too many farms, at least from the animals’ perspective, are like the deathtrap factories of the 19th-century industrial world, a horrific accident waiting to happen simply because the working inhabitants are undervalued. Farm animals are the cheapest of cheap labour, and easily replaced -- their deaths don’t generate expensive lawsuits or public boycotts or union-led agitation for safer working conditions.”

The Globe and Mail, February 7, 2016: “Bring an end to the horrors of barn fires”

“It’s no secret that the meat industry puts animal welfare at the very bottom of its priority list. But a new interview with Ontario Federation of Agriculture president Don McCabe on CBC radio’s As It Happens really takes the cake.”

“McCabe wraps up the interview by emphasizing how it’s unfortunate that animals die, not because animals are unique individuals who can suffer, but because of their monetary value: ‘they’re assets, but there’s also going to be wonderful genetics in that barn.’ McCabe believes it’s important that 'we give the necessary condolences to the folks that were involved here so they can get on to the next opportunities for themselves.’"

“It’s revealing that McCabe can’t even be bothered to pay lip service to the animals who suffered while being burned alive. But that’s exactly why we’re in this situation in the first place -- because government and industry place so little value on the lives and welfare of animals that they’re willing to let them burn alive rather than update barn standards. So long as the farming industry treats animals like commodities instead of individuals with personalities and feelings, the suffering will continue.”

The Huffington Post, February 4, 2016: “How A Politician Managed To Blame Animals For Dying In Barn Fires“

CBC Radio, February 2, 2016: “As it Happens: Animal barn fires“

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Let Us Sleep!

“’Don’t sleep in the subway, darling,’ Petula Clark crooned, back in the sixties, leading the wonderful standup comedian Carol Leifer to ask, a couple of decades later, just what kind of men Petula might be dating.”

“Now, apparently, in our own time, the sleeping-in-the-subways business has risen again -- with Police Commissioner Bill Bratton announcing last week that the transit police will start going car to car, waking the slumbering. ‘Subways are not for sleeping,’ he said at a news conference, and was seconded by Mayor Bill de Blasio. ‘I know people have gotten out of work and are tired, but we are going to start waking people up.’ Apparently, this step is essential because almost half the crime now reported on the subway ‘involves sleeping passengers...’”

“Most people are not sleeping because they do not have time to sleep. They have small children or jobs that start early -- or, not at all infrequently, both. They are high-school kids expected, against all reason, to get to school at 8 A.M. and then take home four hours of homework at night, as part of an arms race with other kids doing the same things. They have one job or two -- or else they race from gig to gig and chore to chore as rapidly as they can.”

“Which leads us to the point: people are not sleeping on the subway now because it is fun. They are not most often these days sleeping on the subway because they are stoned or homeless. They are sleeping on the subway because they are sleepy. Exhaustion is the signature emotion of our time.”

“Overworked, overstressed, today’s sleeping rider is a symbol and a symptom of today’s subway: the bullet train of the wrung-out classes, the perpetual-motion machine that services today’s errand-driven economy.”

The New Yorker, February 9, 2016: “Let Us Sleep on the Subways!” by Adam Gopnik

Why Can’t We Fall Asleep?

“This is the first piece in a three-part series on sleep. Read part two, on sleeping and dreaming, and part three, on wakefulness.”

The New Yorker, July 7, 2015: “Why Can’t We Fall Asleep?” by Maria Konnikova

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Understanding China's Millennial Generation

“China’s millennial generation is unlike any cohort seen before. For one thing, it is the world’s first, and only, generation almost entirely composed of only children, products of the one-child policy that lasted from 1980 until its abolition last year (in practice, Chinese twentysomethings tell me that between two-thirds and three-quarters of their classmates were only children).”

“Because of this, even if their parents were poor and rural, they pushed their lone children through as much education as possible, and placed very high expectations on their children to find good employment, housing and marriages. A great many of these millennials -- perhaps 100 million -- were also all but abandoned by their parents, who worked in cities and saw their kids once a year; this has left some of them rebellious or alienated and others obsessively determined to live better lives.”\

“Combine that with the fact that this is the first generation not to have known any economic reality but China’s post-1980s hypercapitalism, and you have an ultra-amplified version of the usual psychology of only children: pampered, attention-hungry, slightly eccentric, overeducated and given to outsized expectations.”

The Globe and Mail, February 6, 2016: “China’s millennials are unique, assertive -- and potentially destabilizing,” by Doug Saunders

The Globe and Mail, February 5, 2016: “Video: Economy blues hit China’s workers”

China’s Millennials and the Sharing Economy

“Faced with a widening wealth gap and the slowest economic growth in more than two decades, millions ... find themselves priced out of the big cities and are rejecting the consumer trappings of a modern lifestyle. Instead, they’re embracing the sharing economy to a far greater degree than their Western counterparts.”

Bloomberg News, December 2, 2015: “Why China’s Millennials Are Happy to Own Nothing” 

YOU+ International Youth Community [website]

Sharing Economy 

Nielsen, May 2014: “Is Sharing the New Buying? Reputation and trust are emerging as New Currencies” (14 pages, PDF)

PwC.com, 2015: “The Sharing Economy” (30 pages, PDF)

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Book of the Week

Work, by Lars Svendsen. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2016. 171 p. 9781138194083 (pbk.)

From the publisher: "Work is one of the most universal features of human life; virtually everybody spends some part of their life at work. It is often associated with tedium and boredom, in conflict with the things we would otherwise love to do. The idea of work primarily as a burden was also shared by the philosophers in ancient Greece, who generally regarded work as a curse. And yet research shows that it prolongs life and is generally good for people's physical and mental health. Why is this? What is the meaning of work? To what extent does it determine our social identity? Should we expect to find work fulfilling? In this book, Lars Svendsen explores these questions and more. He argues that we need to complete this reorientation of our feelings about work and collapse the differences between leisure and work. Work is always with us. But to overcome the sense of being burnt out, we must think of work as not only productive but recreative -- in other words, a lot more like leisure. Revised and updated in light of the global financial crisis, this second edition also includes a new chapter on work and globalization."

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