Perry Work Report: work&labour news&research, May 13, 2016

May 13, 2016

Announcement:

Conference - The Sharing Economy and the Future of Work

The future of work is being reshaped by a variety of demographic, economic, legal, regulatory, and social factors that have led to changes in how organizations are structured, arranged, managed, and regulated, as well as changes in how work is distributed, organized, designed, and performed.

This one day conference will bring together twenty speakers from academia, government, industry, labour, and law to provide perspectives on what employment / labour / work policies will be required to realize the maximum benefits, while mitigating the adverse risks, of the sharing economy.

June 3, 2016, 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.

Ted Rogers School of Management
55 Dundas St. W.
Floor 07, Room 1-148
Toronto, ON M5G 2C5

Registration Required: www.eply.com/tSE_tFoW

Follow us on the CIRHR Library Tumblr and on the CIRHR Library Twitter.

Migrant Workers and the Trans-Pacific Partnership

“This study investigates the TPP’s chapter on ‘temporary entry for business persons’ to understand its potential consequences for Canadian immigration policy and the Canadian labour market. It examines the general provisions that apply to all TPP countries as well as Canada’s specific commitments for different categories of workers under the TPP.”

“The study finds that the TPP will give more leeway to employers to hire migrant workers and transfer employees across borders -- even in industries and regions where unemployment is high and domestic workers are available -- without offering mobility rights to workers themselves. Although the short-term impact on the Canadian labour market will likely be small, the potential long-term impact of the TPP’s temporary entry provisions is significant. Like other aspects of the TPP, these provisions override Canada’s existing immigration policy and cannot be changed by a future government.”

Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, April 12, 2016: “Migrant Workers and the Trans-Pacific Partnership: A regulatory impact analysis of the TPP’s temporary entry provisions,” by Hadrian Mertins-Kirkwood (32 pages, PDF)

The Globe and Mail, May 6, 2016: “A TPP deal falling victim to U.S. election may be good news for Canada,” by Barrie McKenna

Is More Trade Liberalization the Remedy for Canada’s Trade Woes? 

“Canada’s trade policy priority should not be signing more trade deals, but rather finding alternative ways to support the development of Canadian-based firms that produce goods and services the rest of the world demands, says Jim Stanford. His commentary, which will be included in a forthcoming IRPP research volume, comes in the context of ongoing debates in Canada surrounding the implementation of the CETA and TPP trade agreements.”

Institute for Research on Public Policy, April 14, 2016: “Is More Trade Liberalization the Remedy for Canada’s Trade Woes?,” by Jim Stanford

“Canada stands to make 'relatively modest' economic gains by joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership, while the bulk of the spoils from the 12-country trade deal go to the United States, Japan and Vietnam.”

“The gains from the deal are relatively limited because tariffs are already generally low in the region, countries kept their most protected sectors off the table and some companies will not bother going through the red tape to get the preferential access the deal offers, [a C.D. Howe Institute study] says.”

The Globe and Mail, April 21, 2016: “Joining TPP will yield limited gains for Canada, report says,” by Barrie McKenna

CD Howe Institute, April 21, 2016: “Better in than Out? Canada and the Trans-Pacific Partnership,” by Dan Ciuriak, Ali Dadkhah, and Jingliang Xiao (18 pages, PDF)

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Canadian Apprenticeship Forum Reports

“CAF-FCA analyzes issues of interest to the apprenticeship community across Canada, such as employer engagement, essential skills, completion and outcomes, gathering findings in comprehensive resources. Reports and resources are created to help address identified challenges, and made available for free to employers, labour, educators and all apprenticeship stakeholders.”

Canadian Apprenticeship Forum: “Reports and Resources”

Recent reports available with a free account include:

“Hiring and Retaining Aboriginal Apprentices: An Action Plan for Employers” (20 pages, PDF)

“Apprenticeship Supply and Demand Challenges Dialogue Findings Summary” (15 pages, PDF)

“Apprentice Mobility in Canada” (43 pages, PDF)

“Apprenticeship and Trades Qualifications: Employer Hiring Preferences in the Skilled Trades” (48 pages, PDF)

“Understanding Apprenticeship Requirements and Workforce Qualifications in the Canadian Labour Market” (20 pages, PDF)

“Hiring and Training Women in the Skilled Trades – The Business Case for Employers” (20 pages, PDF)

“2015 Results Report” (12 pages, PDF)

View all CAF reports here

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Slow Progress Toward Diversity Hiring Targets

“The Canada Research Chairs program -- one of the country’s premier tools to attract and retain top academic talent -- has failed to meet its own targets for the hiring of women, visible minorities, people with disabilities and indigenous Canadians, and the federal program’s steering committee says it is urging universities to meet their equity goals.”

“Targets are set based on an estimate of how many people that belong to each group are in the pool of eligible academics. For women, the target was 30.6 per cent, but only 28.9 per cent of research chairs were female; the number of chairs who identified as being a member of a visible minority was 13.1 per cent, against a target of 15 per cent; indigenous scholars made up 0.95 per cent of the program, compared with a goal of 1 per cent; and persons with disabilities had only 0.59 per cent representation, although the target was 4 per cent.”

“Universities’ compliance varies widely across the country, and can differ slightly from year to year as scholars move among institutions. Of the top 15 research universities in Canada, most met two of four targets, with the University of British Columbia and Queen’s University meeting three. The University of Calgary and the University of Ottawa met none of their four targets.”

The Globe and Mail, May 8, 2016: “Canadian universities fail to meet diversity hiring targets,” by Chris Hannay

Canada Research Chairs, May 4, 2016: “Equity Practices”

“On April 28, 2016, the following letter was sent on behalf of the Canada Research Chairs Program’s Steering Committee to the presidents of all institutions that participate in the program”:

“To the University Presidents who participate in the Canada Research Chairs Program”:

“I am writing today, on behalf of the Steering Committee for the Canada Research Chairs Program, to call on you and your colleagues across Canada to make a concerted effort to address the under representation of the four designated groups (women, Aboriginal Peoples, persons with disabilities and visible minorities) in nominations for Canada Research Chair positions.”

“The program’s steering committee would like to see these groundbreaking efforts also translate into a greater representation of the four designated groups among Canada Research Chair nominees. We are especially concerned by the very slow progress being made in this regard. For example for women, their representation among chairholders has not increased at the same rate as in the representation of women in academia. We recognize that affecting the recruitment process in a complex organization such as a university can be challenging. We are calling on you and your colleagues to sustain and intensify your efforts, in order to address, as soon as possible, the underrepresentation of individuals from the four designated groups within the program.”

Canada Research Chairs, April 28, 2016: “Open Letter to University Presidents from the Canada Research Chairs Program” 

Canada Research Chairs, May 5, 2016: “Program Statistics”

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Students Speak Out About Workplace Rights, Health and Safety

“A student spirals out of control as accumulated stress takes a toll on her mental health. A young worker exercises his workplace rights amid potentially unsafe conditions. A young apprentice electrician learns an important lesson about safety on the job.”

“Students from Markham, Ottawa and Kingston have won a contest on workplace health and safety, beating dozens of entries from across Ontario.”

“The Ministry of Labour’s ‘It’s Your Job contest’ asks students to develop an original video that can be used in social media to illustrate the importance of working safely on the job. This year’s optional theme was 'Speak up! Speak out!' about how it is okay for youth to ask employers and co-workers about workplace safety without fear or embarrassment.”

“This year’s Ontario secondary school winners are”:

"1st Place: Markville Secondary School, Markham
Students: Raagavi Ramenthiran, Jaclyn Chiu, Jessica Gu, Morgan McKay
Title of Video: 'Breakdown'”

"2nd Place: St. Pius X High School, Ottawa
Student: Christoforos Pietrobon
Title of Video: 'Stand Your Ground'”

"3rd Place: Holy Cross Catholic Secondary School, Kingston
Student: Ryan Murray
Title of Video: 'When You Gamble With Safety You Bet Your Life'”

Ontario Ministry of Labour, May 10, 2016: “Health & Safety At Work TODAY: Students Speak Out About Workplace Rights, Health and Safety”

Ontario Ministry of Labour, 2016: “ It’s Your Job Video Contest Winners”

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Pushing for the Right to Paid Sick Days

“We often turn up our noses at employees who come to work sick, wondering why they are not at home recovering, and sparing their coworkers a chance to contract their illness. Yet, many of us often face barriers to taking days off from work. Fearing financial loss or even dismissal from employment, we soldier through our sneezes and force ourselves to take on work that, in reality, compromises our ability to get well.”

“As public health students, and members of the Decent Work and Health Network, we know that being forced to work while sick is not healthy. No one should have to choose between getting better and getting paid. Our health should not be a commodity valued at an hourly wage.”

“No one in the province of Ontario currently has a right to paid sick days; instead, it all depends on the generosity of your employer. Over 1.6 million workers are employed in businesses with fewer than 50 employees, which are exempted from legislation that protects their jobs if they take unpaid sick days. In other words, these workers could be fired for calling in sick.”

The Varsity, May 7, 2016: “Op-ed: Say no to precarious work,” by Anjum Sultana and Antu Hossain

The Toronto Star, March 22, 2016: “Ontario lagging on paid sick days, leaving low-wage workers stranded,” Sara Mojtehedzadeh

15 and Fairness, 2016: “Health workers support paid sick leave”

The Toronto Star, November 5, 2015: “Lack of paid sick days in Ontario a public health risk, doctors say, “ by Sara Mojtehedzadeh

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The Economics of Home

“The recession currently choking Alberta’s economy has been book ended by two natural disasters -- one of too much water (the 2013 flood) and one of too little (the 2016 Fort McMurray fire).”

“In both cases, it is the loss of people’s homes that made the events so tragic; in flood and fire, we are reminded of the insignificance of our human achievements in construction and architecture. We don’t stand a chance against nature when she conspires against us.”

“Home. It is at the root of all our policy debates and theoretical constructs as economists. We want the economy to grow to create jobs and income, with which we can provide ourselves shelter. We save and invest our money for retirement, and while we like the idea of travel or philanthropy in our senior years, it is security of home that is top of mind. Without a home to go to, surviving this world is nearly impossible -- a fact with which our homeless are cruelly well acquainted.”

The Globe and Mail, May 5, 2016: “Fort McMurray blaze shows what ‘the economy’ is really about,” by Todd Hirsh

“Economic growth (GDP) always gets a lot of attention, but when it comes to determining how people are doing it’s interesting to look at other indicators that focus more on the actual material conditions of households.”

OECD Insights Blog, May 10, 2016: “A dash of data: Spotlight on Canadian households”

The dark side of Toronto’s housing boom

“The number of illegal and potentially unsafe small apartments -- from rooming houses to basement units -- is soaring, although no one can say precisely by how much. Two ... factors have driven demand in recent years: the growing ranks of postsecondary students (campuses are typically surrounded by neighbourhoods with lots of multi-unit dwellings), and downtown gentrification, especially in communities like Parkdale that once touted many rooming houses which have gradually been converted back to single-family homes.”

“An inquest this spring in Whitby into the deaths of three young people living in just such a dwelling has raised tough and pressing questions about the risks facing those forced to the margins of a housing sector characterized by crazy real-estate prices, skyrocketing rents, a dearth of affordable units and an influx of low-income residents.”

The Globe and Mail, May 6, 2016: “Dangerous -- but affordable -- fire-trap apartments a risk to Toronto tenants,” by John Lorinc

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Ontario's Soaring Poverty Gap

“Despite the province’s 2008 poverty reduction plan, [the plight of 158,000 single adults] on welfare or Ontario Works is getting worse, according to a new report on social assistance being released Monday. For this group, the poverty gap has jumped by almost 200 per cent since 1993, says the analysis by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.”

“Possible solutions”:

“Incomes for single adults on social assistance fall more than 50 per cent below the earnings of a minimum-wage worker employed full-time. Therefore, a modest increase to social assistance would not interfere with the incentive to work, says the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.”

"Increasing tax refundable credits, such as the Ontario Trillium Benefit, which includes sales tax, property tax and energy benefits for low-income residents, would boost incomes for people on social assistance and continue to help them if they are able to get a job."

“Ontario’s plan to pilot a basic income as an alternative to welfare would be a way to provide an income floor for all Ontarians.”

“A portable housing subsidy to help make rents more affordable for low-income Ontarians is another measure highlighted in the 2016 provincial budget that could help people on social assistance.”

The Toronto Star, May 9, 2016: “Ontario’s soaring poverty gap ‘starkest’ for single adults as welfare rates stagnate,” by  Laurie Monsebraaten

Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, May 9, 2016: “Ontario’s Social Assistance Poverty Gap,” by Kaylie Tiessen (20 pages, PDF)

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Toronto the Fit

“According to recently released data from Toronto Public Health, the city performs better than the rest of the province in a number of key health areas, including obesity, incidences of cancer and life expectancy.”

Toronto Public Health spokesperson Paul Fleiszer said:

“Torontonians as a whole tend to have better health as a result of a range of influencing factors including education, income and access to health care. In addition, Toronto has a strong population of recent immigrants who tend to bring better health status with them.”

“Nancy Smith Lea, the director of the Toronto Centre for Active Transportation ... credited the results to the prevalence of cycling and walking in many parts of Toronto. Smith Lea noted health outcomes are even better in downtown Toronto -- for example, downtown residents have lower body mass indexes on average than suburban dwellers, she said -- where cycling and walking mode share is highest.”

Metro News, May 11, 2016: “Toronto healthier than other parts of Ontario: study”

Toronto Public Health, 2016: “Key Stats at a Glance: Comparing Toronto’s Health”

City Birds are Fitter Too

"A new study suggests that modern cityscapes may be turning birds into better problem solvers. The McGill University research, published recently inBehavioral Ecology, found that city birds studied were different from their rural counterparts in several ways. There was one other area where they came out ahead: They had stronger immune systems."

The Toronto Star, March 22, 2016: “City birds healthier, smarter than their country cousins: study,” by Rachel Feltman

Behavioral Ecology, 2016: “The town bird and the country bird: problem solving and immunocompetence vary with urbanization,” Jean-Nicolas Audet, Simon Ducatez and Louis Lefebvre 

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Uberize Everything

Errands

“Favour gives its runners credit cards so that they can order items on site and pay the bill. Meanwhile, on the Favour app, customers will pay a $6 flat delivery fee plus a 5 per cent processing fee for the items purchased. Depending on how busy the service is, runners earn 40 to 70 per cent of the delivery fee, and keep whatever additional tips they get. In Toronto, the 135 bike runners and 30 people in who are using cars are guaranteed a minimum $12 an hour if things are slow.”

The Toronto Star, May 10, 2016: “The Uberization of errands,” by Vanessa Lu

Home Repairs

“Toronto-based app Jiffy ... connects you with trades -- ranging from appliance repair, to plumbing, pest control, junk removal and general fixer and maintenance services -- within a day. Each has a minimum price, which covers a certain amount of time, space or appliances, and a per unit cost if it takes more. Most offer after-hour and weekend services, which some charge at a premium. For example, plumbers and electricians’ base price is $180 for two hours of work, but they charge 1.5 times more on evenings and weekends. They are vetted by Jiffy to make sure each vendor has a business license and insurance.”

The Toronto Star, May 9, 2016: “Toronto-based app connects users with trade workers at touch of a button,” by Verity Stevenson

Banking

“What’s [Mike Cagney, the CEO, chairman and co-founder of SoFi, a “fintech” -- financial technology -- company doing its best to turn the banking system upside down] so confident and excited about? Doing to banks, with a smartphone-based model, what Amazon has done to book stores and Uber has done to taxi fleets. ‘There is going to be a seismic redistribution of market cap in the banking world,’ he says. ‘They won’t see it coming until it’s done.’”

The Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2016: “The Uberization of Banking,” by Andy Kessler

The Globe and Mail, May 10, 2016: “Big banks respond to fintech challenge by cutting fees, offering new options”

Real Estate

“The main role of a realtor used to be distributing sales and listing information. Now consumers want to do their research online. But there is no substitute for a human being in a property transaction.”

The Toronto Star, May 10, 2016: “Are Toronto realtors about to have their Uber moment?,” by Tess Kalinowski

...and Rom-Coms?

“Ext. -- Candice’s house”

“An Uber pulls up, driven by FRANCIS (Justin Long), Candice’s slacker ex-boyfriend. This comes as a surprise to everybody who hasn’t considered the pun in the title.”

“CANDICE: Eew, Francis, you’re my ex!”

“FRANCIS: I don’t like this, either, but I need to fulfill my duty as an Uber driver. Plus, I have a girlfriend and I’m totally not still in love with you.”

The New Yorker, May 2, 2016: “’Uber Ex,’ a Rom-Com Spec Script,” by Hallie Cantor and Jason Adam Katzenstein

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Would a Millennial Want this Job?

“Baby boomers more than millennials seek out jobs that are fun and encourage creativity, according to a new Gallup report that identifies what employers get right, and wrong, about millennials in the workforce. What that rising generation seeks is actually pretty simple: Millennials -- those Americans born between 1980 and 1996 -- just want to know where they stand and where they’re going.”

“When professional and personal lives were more cleanly separate, a paycheck was enough. But because of the erosion of the wall between work and play, millennials also expect to derive a sense of purpose from their jobs. Work is life.”

“When they’re looking for new work, Millennials want to see signs that bode well for their career development. The top five things they consider, according to Gallup, are: opportunities to learn and grow, quality of their manager, quality of management in general, interest in the type of work and opportunities for advancement.”

The Washington Post, May 11, 2016: “How badly companies misunderstand millennials,” by Niraj Chokshi  

Gallup, May 11, 2016: “What Millennials Want From Work and Life,” by Amy Adkins                   

Harvard Business Review, May 11, 2016: “What Millennials Want from a New Job,” by Brandon Rigoni and Amy Adkins

Forbes, May 11, 2016: “My Number One Tip For Hiring Millennials,” by Brian Scudamore

The Globe and Mail, May 10, 2016: “Put customers second (and other radical ideas),” by Harvey Schachter

“According to a new survey by Fidelity Investments, the first wave of millennial workers (those born between 1981 and 1991) would be willing to take an average pay cut of $7,600 (U.S.) for a job that offers an improved quality of work life. That includes better career development opportunities, a corporate culture more aligned with their values and greater work-life balance. In fact, when asked which they value more -- money or quality of life -- 58 per cent chose the latter.”

The Globe and Mail, May 6, 2016: “Would you take lower pay for greater happiness?,” by Leah Eichler

Fidelity Investments, 2016: “Evaluate a Job Offer Study” (2 pages, PDF)

Fidelity Investments, 2016: “More than Just a Paycheck: What Matters to Millennial Professionals”

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The High Heel Battleground

“A photo on social media of a woman’s bleeding feet after working a full shift as a waitress has been shared over 11,500 times in a week as the subject of compulsory high heels at work has become an international talking point.”

“In a post on Facebook, Nicola Gavins criticised Joey Restaurants in Edmonton, Canada for forcing its female staff to wear shoes with at least a one inch heel. She said her friend lost a toenail after the shift, during which she was told by her supervisor that heels would be required the next day.”

“The post went viral the same month that London-based temp worker Nicola Thorp was sent home from her first day at accountancy firm PwC because she was not wearing high heels.”

The Independent, May 12, 2016: “Waitress forced to wear high heels at work shares photo of her bleeding feet,” by Rachel Revesz

CBC News, May 11, 2016: “Joey’s high heels policy in training session left woman’s feet bloody,” by Tamara Beluja 

The Guardian, May 11, 2016: “Receptionist ‘sent home from PwC for not wearing high heels,'” by Nadia Khomami

CTV News, May 12, 2016: “Triumph for U.K. woman who refused to wear high heels at work"

The Telegraph, May 12, 2016: “Forcing women to wear high heels at work is medieval - and no better than calling us witches,” by Cathy Newman

The New Yorker, May 16, 2016: “High Maintenance,” by Mary Karr

Shaming women is not the answer

“Nowadays, it’s not men who are admonishing us for succumbing to the allure of heels, but other women. They cite their own bunioned feet -- as well as (most) men’s refusal to wear them -- as proof of the shoes’ inferiority. But such criticisms strike me as anti-female, too. Why is it only the kinds of things made for and bought by women that are so routinely dismissed as irrelevant and backward? (See: corsets.) Why do these commentators portray such feminine things as items that we’re duped into desiring, as opposed to things we buy of our own volition?”

The New York Post, May 10, 2016: “Stop shaming women for wearing high heels,” bye Rachel Laneri

The Atlantic, May 12, 2016: “Arch Enemies,” by Megan Garber

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The Jobless Economy of the Future?

“Technology is making 'work' far less labor-intensive, even services jobs. A variety of technologies will contribute to this, most visibly robotics (but also artificial intelligence, 3-D printing, and even virtual reality). Think just of all the jobs that will be lost to self-driving trucks and taxis. 'Millions of jobs will be lost over the next 10-15 years,' [Bill] Gross writes. Not just blue-collar jobs, either, and not just in the U.S. This is a global phenomenon.”

“The leading edge of this jobless economy has been visible for years, though its implications are lost on most people, he argues. The problem is, we have an economy and a social infrastructure that is entirely built upon a certain concept of a 'job,' and that concept just doesn’t work anymore, he says.”

“The usual prescriptions for fixing this problem aren’t likely to work, he says, since they’re almost uniformly based upon that concept that doesn’t work anymore. 'Four years of college for everyone might better prepare them to be a contestant on Jeopardy, but I doubt it’ll create more growth,' he writes. What will be needed is more spending on the 'collapsing' infrastructure, health care for aging generations -- and a radical idea that is gaining some attention lately: Universal Basic Income.”

The Wall Street Journal, May 4, 2016: “Bill Gross: What to Do After the Robots Take Our Jobs,” by Paul Vigna

Rabble, May 2, 2016: “Robert McChesney on the fight against a jobless economy” (podcast, 18:31 minutes)

Brookings Institute, May 6, 2016: “Disrupting manufacturing: Innovation and the future of skilled labor,” by Daniel Araya and Christopher Sulavik

Rabble, May 2, 2016: “John Nichols on the perils and opportunities of the next technological revolution” (podcast, 14:17 minutes)

Next Avenue, May 3, 2016: “How to ‘Future-Proof’ Yourself at Work,” by Richard Eisenberg

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Should Prostitution Be a Crime?

“Last November, Meg Muñoz went to Los Angeles to speak at the annual West Coast conference of Amnesty International. She was nervous. Three months earlier, at a meeting attended by about 500 delegates from 80 countries, Amnesty voted to adopt a proposal in favor of the 'full decriminalization of consensual sex work,' sparking a storm of controversy. Members of the human rights group in Norway and Sweden resigned en masse, saying the organization’s goal should be to end demand for prostitution, not condone it. Around the world, on social media and in the press, opponents blasted Amnesty.”

“Muñoz was in the middle of a pitched battle over the terms, and even the meaning, of sex work. In the United States and around the globe, many sex workers (the term activists prefer to 'prostitute') are trying to change how they are perceived and policed. They are fighting the legal status quo, social mores and also mainstream feminism, which has typically focused on saving women from the sex trade rather than supporting sex workers who demand greater rights. But in the last decade, sex-worker activists have gained new allies. If Amnesty’s international board approves a final policy in favor of decriminalization in the next month, it will join forces with public-health organizations that have successfully worked for years with groups of sex workers to halt the spread of H.I.V. and AIDS, especially in developing countries.”

The New York Times Magazine, May 5, 2016: "Should Prostitution Be a Crime?: A growing movement of sex workers and activists is making the decriminalization of sex work a feminist issue,” by Emily Bazelonmay

The New York Times, May 7, 2016: “The Everyday Faces of Sex Workers,” by Emily Bazelonmay

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Book of the Week

Provinces: Canadian Provincial Politics, edited by Christopher Dunn. 3rd ed. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 2016. 573 p. ISBN 9781442633995 (pbk.)

Provinces is now established as the most comprehensive yet accessible exploration of Canadian provincial politics and government. The authors of each chapter draw on their particular expertise to examine themes and issues pertaining to all the provinces from a comparative perspective. The book is organized into four major sections -- political landscapes, the state of democracy in the provinces, political structures and processes, and provincial public policy.

The third edition features eleven new chapters, including “Labour-Market Policies in the Provinces,” by Morley Gunderson and Rafael Gomez.

 

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